Food Crops News, Cassava New;Tin Nông nghiệp Việt Nam
Hoàng Kim, Chào ngày mớiCây Lương thực, Học mỗi ngày,
Update of Food Crops News from 17 Oct. to 21 Oct., 2014.
New Publication from CIAT: Reinhardt Howeler 2014. Reference manual:
Sustainable Soil and Crops Management of Cassava in Asia
Hoàng Kim, Chào ngày mớiCây Lương thực, Học mỗi ngày,
Update of Food Crops News from 17 Oct. to 21 Oct., 2014.
New Publication from CIAT: Reinhardt Howeler 2014. Reference manual:
Sustainable Soil and Crops Management of Cassava in Asia
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Breeding soybeans that can tolerate heat, drought
Date:
October 17, 2014
Source:
South Dakota State University
Summary:
Hot, dry conditions can
wreak havoc on a field of soybeans. Now research is uncovering the
molecular mechanisms that lead to drought and heat tolerance. This will
help breeders develop soybean varieties that can survive heat and
drought.
Graduate student
Aayudh Das checks the soil moisture in soybeans that are subjected to
heat and drought stress, as part of South Dakota State University
research to increase the plants’ ability to withstand these
environmental conditions. The project is supported by the South Dakota
Soybean Research and Promotion Council.
Credit: Image courtesy of South Dakota State University
Hot, dry
conditions can wreak havoc on a field of soybeans. According to the
National Center for Soybean Technology, "drought is the greatest threat
to profitability."
Work underway at South Dakota State University may change that.
Assistant professor Jai Rohila of the biology and microbiology department is uncovering the molecular mechanisms that lead to drought and heat tolerance. This will help breeders develop soybean varieties that can survive heat and drought.
"Ultimately our goal is to help the farmers in the field," Rohila said.
To do this, he is working with University of Minnesota soybean breeder Jim Orf, who provided Rohila with two varieties of soybeans, one that has greater tolerance to hot, dry conditions, and another that is susceptible. The project, which began in 2010, is supported by the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council.
"Drought and heat are very complicated," Rohila said, because multiple genes affect the plant's physiological and biochemical response to environmental stressors. "I am going to build a bridge between the physiology and the gene discovery."
By comparing the two soybean varieties, Rohila and graduate student Aayudh Das hope to identify the key genes that lead to increased tolerance. Genes regulate the expression of proteins and chemical signaling pathways that determine the plant's response to heat and lack of water.
"We study not one gene at a time, but many," said Rohila. "With a global approach, we can nail down many molecular players at a single time."
Das has found 90 proteins that are differentially expressed during drought and heat conditions in the tolerant variety. These proteins then interact with enzymes that affect the plant's metabolism including its ability to produce carbohydrates, lipids and various metabolites including amino acids.
A drought-stressed soybean plant, for instance, closes its pores or stomata to prevent water from escaping; however, this action has a cost -- it limits the plant's ability to take in carbon dioxide and ultimately to make the carbohydrates it needs, Das explained.
In comparing enzyme levels in the two soybean varieties, he identified two enzymes which are up regulated significantly in the variety that performs better under heat stress.
"Up regulation of these enzymes also protects other enzymes," he said, which then helps the plant tolerate heat. "This was an unexpected discovery."
Though the researchers have more work to do, Das explained that the next step will be to see if overexpressing these enzymes can further protect the soybean plant.
Assistant professor Jai Rohila of the biology and microbiology department is uncovering the molecular mechanisms that lead to drought and heat tolerance. This will help breeders develop soybean varieties that can survive heat and drought.
"Ultimately our goal is to help the farmers in the field," Rohila said.
To do this, he is working with University of Minnesota soybean breeder Jim Orf, who provided Rohila with two varieties of soybeans, one that has greater tolerance to hot, dry conditions, and another that is susceptible. The project, which began in 2010, is supported by the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council.
"Drought and heat are very complicated," Rohila said, because multiple genes affect the plant's physiological and biochemical response to environmental stressors. "I am going to build a bridge between the physiology and the gene discovery."
By comparing the two soybean varieties, Rohila and graduate student Aayudh Das hope to identify the key genes that lead to increased tolerance. Genes regulate the expression of proteins and chemical signaling pathways that determine the plant's response to heat and lack of water.
"We study not one gene at a time, but many," said Rohila. "With a global approach, we can nail down many molecular players at a single time."
Das has found 90 proteins that are differentially expressed during drought and heat conditions in the tolerant variety. These proteins then interact with enzymes that affect the plant's metabolism including its ability to produce carbohydrates, lipids and various metabolites including amino acids.
A drought-stressed soybean plant, for instance, closes its pores or stomata to prevent water from escaping; however, this action has a cost -- it limits the plant's ability to take in carbon dioxide and ultimately to make the carbohydrates it needs, Das explained.
In comparing enzyme levels in the two soybean varieties, he identified two enzymes which are up regulated significantly in the variety that performs better under heat stress.
"Up regulation of these enzymes also protects other enzymes," he said, which then helps the plant tolerate heat. "This was an unexpected discovery."
Though the researchers have more work to do, Das explained that the next step will be to see if overexpressing these enzymes can further protect the soybean plant.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by South Dakota State University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The above story is based on materials provided by South Dakota State University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Cite This Page:
South
Dakota State University. "Breeding soybeans that can tolerate heat,
drought." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 October 2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141017183446.htm>.
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