Saturday, September 8, 2012

Food Crops News 109

FOOD CROPS Food Crops News 109 (Bản tin Cây Lương thực Quốc tế)
Green Super Rice Trials in Long Phu, Soc Trang, Vietnam. Photo Hoang Long
 

Food Crops News Focus Papers 

Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective
Ross M. Welch (1)  and Robin D. Graham (2)
1 USDA-ARS, US Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-0001, USA
2 University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, 5064, South Australia
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 396, pp. 353±364, February 2004
Received 21 February 2003; Accepted 11 November 2003

Abstract
Over three billion people are currently micronutrient  (i.e. micronutrient elements and vitamins) malnourished, resulting in egregious societal costs including learning disabilities among children, increased morbidity and mortality rates, lower worker productivity, and high healthcare costs, all factors diminishing human potential, felicity, and national economic development. Nutritional de®ciencies (e.g. iron, zinc, vitamin A) account for almost two-thirds of the childhood death worldwide. Most of those aficted are dependent on staple crops for their sustenance. Importantly, these crops can be enriched (i.e. `bioforti®ed') with micronutrients using plant breeding and/ or transgenic strategies, because micronutrient enrichment traits exist within their genomes that can to used for substantially increasing micronutrient levels in these foods without negatively impacting crop productivity. Furthermore, `proof of concept' studies have been published using transgenic approaches to biofortify staple crops (e.g. high b-carotene`golden rice' grain, high ferritin-Fe rice grain, etc). In addition, micronutrient element enrichment of seeds can increase crop yields when sowed to micronutrient- poor soils, assuring their adoption by farmers. Bioavailability issues must be addressed when employing plant breeding and/or transgenic approaches to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. Enhancing substances (e.g. ascorbic acid, S-containing amino acids, etc) that promote micronutrient bioavailability or decreasing antinutrient substances (e.g. phytate, polyphenolics, etc) that inhibit micronutrient bioavailability, are both options that could be pursued, but the latter approach should be used with caution. The world's agricultural community should adopt plant breeding and other genetic technologies to improve human health, and the world's nutrition and health communities should support these efforts. Sustainable solutions to this enormous global problem of `hidden hunger' will not come without employing agricultural approaches.
Key words: Agricultural intervention, food-based approach, human health, iron, malnutrition, minerals, nutritional quality, vitamins, sustainability, trace elements, zinc. (see more …)

People's plants: a guide to useful plants of Southern Africa.


Record Number 20013059055

Abstract
This book is intended as a guide and reference work on the useful plants of southern Africa. Traditional and contemporary uses of more than 650 plants are described. The book is well illustrated with good quality colour plates throughout. It is divided into 3 sections: foods and drinks, health and beauty, and skills and crafts with each section further divided into chapters. The foods and drinks section has chapters on cereals; seeds and nuts; fruits and berries; vegetables; roots, bulbs and tubers; and beverages. Health and beauty contains chapters on general medicines; tonic plants; mind and mood plants; women's health; wounds, burns and skin conditions; dental care; perfumes and repellents; and soaps and cosmetics. The skills and crafts section has chapters on hunting and fishing; dyes and tans; utility timbers; fire-making and firewood; basketry, weaving and ropes; and thatching, mats and brooms. In each chapter, the plants are discussed in alphabetical order with information on uses and, in some cases, their chemical constituents or biological effects. There is a bibliography at the end of each chapter.

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A new paradigm for world agriculture: meeting human needs Productive, sustainable, nutritious

Ross M. Welch (1) and  Robin D. Graham (2)

1) USDA-ARS, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
2) Department of Plant Science, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 1, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Field Crops Research 60 (1999) 1±10 Accepted 1 September 1998

Abstract

Micronutrient malnutrition (`Hidden Hunger') now af¯icts over two billion people worldwide, resulting in poor health, low worker productivity, high rates of mortality and morbidity, increased rates of chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes), and permanent impairment of cognitive abilities of infants born to micronutrient-de®cient mothers. The consequences of food system failures include lethargic national development efforts, continued high population growth rates, and a vicious cycle of poverty for massive numbers of underprivileged people in all nations. Our food systems are failing us globally by not providing enough balanced nutrient output to meet all the nutritional needs of every person, especially resource-poor women, infants and children in developing countries. Agriculture is partly responsible because it has never held nutrient output as an explicit goal of its production systems. Indeed, many agricultural policies have fostered a decline in nutrition and diet diversity for the poor in many countries. Nutrition and health communities are also partly responsible because they have never considered using agriculture as a primary tool in their programs directed at alleviating poor nutrition and ill health globally. Now is the time for a new paradigm for agriculture and nutrition. We must consider ways in which agriculture can contribute to finding sustainable solutions to food system failures through holistic food-based system approaches, thereby closely linking agricultural production to improving human health, livelihood and well being. Such action will stimulate support for agricultural research in many developed countries because it addresses consumer issues as well as agricultural production issues and is, therefore, politically supportable.

® 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved see more....

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; Human nutrition; Micronutrients; Malnutrition; Development; Health

Food Crops News


FOOD CROPS Food Crops News 105 (Bản tin Cây Lương thực Quốc tế)

Cassava News : Tin mới Cây Sắn, Photo by Hoàng Long


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Food Crops News 108


FOOD CROPS Food Crops News 108 (Bản tin Cây Lương thực Quốc tế)

Hệ thống Cây Lương thực Việt Nam. http://foodcrops.vn



Climate Change and the Food Supply
New York Times (blog)

We have had two huge spikes in global food prices in five years that were
driven largely by chaotic weather. And this year we may be in the early
stages of a third big jump. Droughts and heat waves have damaged crops in
many producing countries this ...
<http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/06/climate-change-and-the-food-supply/>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/06/climate-change-and-the-food-supply/&hl=en&geo=us>

U.S. Football Snacks Double With Drought Withering Crops
San Francisco Chronicle

Food items popular during the U.S. football season, from corn chips and
burgers to nachos and wings, are rising after the worst drought since 1956
damaged crops and increased the cost of feeding livestock. Tyson Foods Inc.
and other poultry producers ...
<http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/U-S-Football-Snacks-Double-With-Drought-3844605.php>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.sfgate.com/business/bloomberg/article/U-S-Football-Snacks-Double-With-Drought-3844605.php&hl=en&geo=us>

In a drought, why are we using our food for automobiles?
Tulsa Beacon

The drought in the Midwest – including Oklahoma – is expected to cause
corn prices and food prices to rise. Even though a big crop is expected, at
least half of that corn is expected to be of low quality. About one-fourth
is rated “good to excellent ...
<http://www.tulsabeacon.com/?p=6259>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.tulsabeacon.com/%3Fp%3D6259&hl=en&geo=us


UN Says Food Price Crisis Unlikely But Urges Action
Huffington Post

ROME, Sept 6 (Reuters) - World food prices stabilised in August at levels
close to those reached in the food crisis of 2008, and global grain stocks
are likely to shrink this year as cereal crop output falls short of what is
needed, the United Nations ...
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/06/un-food-price-crisis_n_1860351.html>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/06/un-food-price-crisis_n_1860351.html&hl=en&geo=us>

Midwest drought causes higher food prices and less crop output
Daily Sundial

Maize (corn), wheat, and soybean plants have been greatly affected by the
drought. The World Bank claimed the price of wheat and maize rose 25
percent and soybeans rose by 17 percent worldwide. As a result of the
drought, worldwide food prices jumped ...
<http://sundial.csun.edu/2012/09/midwest-drought-causes-higher-food-prices-and-less-crop-output/>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://sundial.csun.edu/2012/09/midwest-drought-causes-higher-food-prices-and-less-crop-output/&hl=en&geo=us>

Dole settles lawsuits alleging injuries from crop chemical
Ventura County Star

Dole Food Company, Inc. in Westlake Village said it has settled 38 lawsuits
related to an agricultural chemical. The agreement settled five lawsuits in
the U.S. and 33 in Nicaragua, according to Dole. The Nicaragua cases
alleged $9 billion in damages.
<http://www.vcstar.com/news/2012/sep/06/dole-settles-lawsuits-alleging-injuries-from/>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2012/sep/06/dole-settles-lawsuits-alleging-injuries-from/&hl=en&geo=us>

We were wrong to ban food exports, says PM
The Citizen Daily

The Government has bowed down to expert advice on the export ban on food
crops with Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda conceding yesterday that studies on
food security give a clear indication that the ban has hurt the country in
many ways. He was speaking ...
<http://thecitizen.co.tz/news/-/25537-we-were-wrong-to-ban-food-exports-says-pm>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://thecitizen.co.tz/news/-/25537-we-were-wrong-to-ban-food-exports-says-pm&hl=en&geo=us>

East Africa: Landmark Survey Finds Adaptation to Climate Change On ...
AllAfrica.com

While warmer temperatures can in fact increase yields for some
crops--particularly in the tropics--the overall implications of climate
change for food security for families and the region as a whole is an
immense concern," said James Kinyangi, CCAFS ...
<http://allafrica.com/stories/201209070001.html>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://allafrica.com/stories/201209070001.html&hl=en&geo=us>

Media coverage misleading on Stanford's organic vs. conventional food study
Boulder Weekly

Now apply this to nutritional values of all food crops and meats and you
have the conclusions reached by the Stanford study. Hardly groundbreaking.
An accurate headline would have read something like, “Stanford study
finds that organic and ...
<http://www.boulderweekly.com/article-9653-media-coverage-misleading-on-stanford%E2%80%99s-organic-vs-conventional-food-study.html>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.boulderweekly.com/article-9653-media-coverage-misleading-on-stanford%25E2%2580%2599s-organic-vs-conventional-food-study.html&hl=en&geo=us>

Ashland council seeks farm protection from GMO crops
Mail Tribune

The Ashland City Council voted unanimously Tuesday night to send a letter
asking Jackson County commissioners to take whatever action they deem
necessary to protect organic farming in the county from genetically
modified crops. Organic food cannot ...
<http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120906/NEWS/209060316>
See all stories on this topic:
<http://news.google.com/news/story?ncl=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article%3FAID%3D/20120906/NEWS/209060316&hl=en&geo=us>

=== Web - 3 new results for [food crops] ===

Food crops in Northeast China expands towards north - SINA English

It is introduced by expert of CMO that heat resources are the main factor
of influencing the growth of food crops in the 3 provinces of Northeast
China. Due to ...
<http://english.sina.com/china/2012/0906/503932.html>

Mars ISRU for food crops and consumables. - NASASpaceFlight.com Forum
Mars-One hasn't given any credible public presentation that they have
considered a garden just yet. Yeah, probably should. I dont want to start
it because I might ...
<http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=29820.0>

Mars ISRU for food crops and consumables. - NASASpaceFlight.com Forum
If lower pressure greenhouses produced a lower crop yield, then more
greenhouse space would be needed to produce the same amount of food. Study
is ...
<http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=29820.30>

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