Food Crops News 295. Thông tin Cây Lương thực tháng 11 năm 2017. Hoàng Kim tổng hợp.
Nguồn: Cassava farmers ready for promising season Sok Chan / Khmer Times November 22, 2017
Gạo Campuchia trong số ba loại gạo tốt nhất thế giới. Chea Vannak trên trang Khmer Times ngày 9 tháng 11 đã chia sẻ: Gạo Campuchia luôn được bình chọn là một trong những sản phẩm tốt nhất thế giới. KT / Chor Sokunthea. Gạo thơm ngon của Campuchia đã được bình chọn là một trong ba loại gạo ngon nhất trên thế giới trong cuộc cạnh tranh toàn cầu gần đây nhất. Gạo Horm Malis của Thái Lan đã lên ngôi, mang về danh tiếng là loại gạo tốt nhất thế giới. Phiên họp thứ 9 của Hội nghị Gạo Thế giới đã diễn ra tại Ma Cao hôm qua, với bảy nước tham gia Campuchia, Thái Lan, Việt Nam, Mỹ, Pakistan, Sri Lanka và Myanmar với 21 giống lúa khác nhau. Campuchia đã tham gia ba thương hiệu gồm hai giống gạo thơm cao cấp và một loại gạo thơm, được lựa chọn trong một cuộc thi quốc gia được tổ chức tuần trước. Moul Sarith, Tổng thư ký Liên đoàn Lúa gạo Campuchia (CRF), đã chúc mừng nông dân Campuchia về những kết quả to lớn, nhưng than thở rằng nước này không giành được danh hiệu hàng đầu. Ông Sareth nói: "... cuối cùng là giống lúa gạo Thái Lan, rất giống với giống lúa gạo của chúng ta, đã thắng. Ông tin rằng kết quả tích cựcnày sẽ giúp thúc đẩy doanh số bán hàng của Campuchia. Một giống Campuchia gọi là Phka Rumduol, nhưng thường được gọi là phka malis hay gạo thơm của Campuchia bởi các nhà máy xay xát và các thương lái, đã giành được sự cạnh tranh từ năm 2012 đến năm 2014, nhưng đã mất vương miện vào năm 2015 sang một giống lúa gạo từ California. Năm ngoái, một thương hiệu Thái Lan khác từ Chiang Mai giành giải Nhất tại phiên họp thứ tám. Ông Chan Sokheng, Chủ tịch Hiệp hội xuất khẩu gạo Châu Á cho biết, sau khi gạo Campuchia được công nhận là sản phẩm tốt nhất thế giới năm 2012, doanh thu của ông đã tăng mạnh. Phou Puy, chủ tịch của 'Green Rice Miller' ở tỉnh Battambang, cho biết sự tham gia vào cuộc thi quốc tế sẽ nâng cao danh tiếng của hạt gạo Campuchia."Cho dù chúng ta có thắng hay thua, chúng ta có thể mong đợi nhiều đơn đặt hàng từ các khách hàng quốc tế, vì cuộc cạnh tranh sẽ là cửa sổ giới thiệu sản phẩm của chúng ta", ông nói.
Nguồn: Cambodian rice among the world’s best three. Chea Vannak / Khmer Times, Nov. 9, 2017
Crop Biotech Update (November 22, 2017)
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BIOTECH WEEK
The Philippines holds its 13th National Biotechnology Week from
November 20-24, 2017 in Quezon City. The event's keynote speaker,
Representative Sharon Garin, visited the ISAAA exhibit booth where
publications on biotechnology were presented by ISAAA Senior Program
Officer, Dr. Rhodora Aldemita.
Section: News from Around the World
Cotton stakeholders in Nigeria have agreed that Bt cotton
has the potential to revive the deteriorating cotton textile industry
in the country. A stakeholders meeting held in Abuja on November 8,
2017 attended by representatives from seed companies, government
ministries, agencies, and farmers resolved that embracing Bt cotton is a viable way of addressing cotton farming challenges. Nigeria's Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Aisha Abubakar, said the country has no option but to embrace the technology to help improve the lives of farmers and create jobs for the teeming population. "We cannot allow people to import Bt cotton into Nigeria, we now have the people, the technology, and the land to practice how to take full advantage of the technology to address our own challenges," she said.
All Farmers Association of Nigeria president, Arc. Kabiru Ibrahim, said that it is important that Nigeria take its pride in cotton production by embracing Bt cotton, and exuding confidence that it will alleviate poverty among the farmers.
The National Biosafety Management Agency approved Bollgard II cotton for on-station/on-farm trials in Nigeria in 2016 and it is currently undergoing last stage of multi-location trials in over 72 locations in the nation's cotton growing zones. The project has already been endorsed by Agriculture and Rural Development Minister, Audu Ogbe, and stakeholders in the country are now strategizing on eventual uptake and release of Bollgard II cotton to farmers.
For more information on biotech/biosafety developments in Nigeria, contact Alex Abutu at alexyabutu@gmail.com.
Section: News from Around the World
Researchers
from Queensland University of Technology (QUT) have developed and grown
modified Cavendish bananas that are resistant to the devastating
soil-borne fungus Fusarium wilt tropical race 4 (TR4), also known as
Panama disease. Led by Distinguished Professor James Dale from QUT's Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, the field trial, which ran from 2012 to 2015 was conducted on a commercial banana plantation that was previously affected by TR4. The soil was heavily reinfested with disease for the trial.
In their world-first GM field trial conducted in heavily TR4-infested soil, Cavendish Grand Nain was modified by the researchers with the RGA2 gene, taken from the TR4-resistant wild, southeast Asian banana subspecies, Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis. One modified Cavendish line (RGA2-3) remained TR4-free for three years of the trial, while three other lines modified with RGA2 showed strong resistance, with 20% or fewer plants exhibiting disease symptoms in three years.
By contrast, 67%-100% of control banana plants after three years were either dead or TR4-infected, including a Giant Cavendish variant 218 generated through tissue culture in Taiwan and reported to be tolerant to TR4. The researchers found RGA2 gene activity level in the modified bananas was ‘strongly correlated' with TR4 resistance.
For more details, read the QUT news release.
Section: News from Around the World
Around
400 high school and college students and faculty in Laguna, as well as
regulators, researchers and scientists from the University of the
Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), were informed about various perspectives
on the international debate on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the special screening of the documentary film Food Evolution held on November 21, 2017 at DL Umali Hall, UPLB, College, Laguna. Food Evolution is
narrated by Neil deGrasse Tyson and features GMOs and its food
products, their contribution to food security, and how misinformation
affects public perception despite being scientifically documented in
terms of safety and benefits. The film showing was an activity for the 13th National Biotechnology Week which is celebrated on November 20-24, 2017 at Fisher Mall, Quezon City. After the film, the audience commended the balanced presentation of pro and anti-biotech sentiments. They also asked the scientists about the safety of GM crop planting and research. UPLB genetics professor Dr. Rita Laude emphasized that GM crops in the market have been rigorously studied and tested by regulators.
The activity was organized by SEARCA BIC, ISAAA, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), CropLife Asia, CropLife Philippines, Biotechnology Coalition of the Philippines, University of the Philippines League of Agricultural Biotechnology Students (UP LABS), and UP Genetic Researchers and Agricultural Innovators Society (UP GRAINS).
For more information, visit the SEARCA BIC website.
Section: New Breeding Technologies
Various GE techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 have been successfully employed for various crop plants including fruit trees. CRISPR-Cas9 holds great potential in GE due to their simplicity, competency, and versatility over other GE techniques. However, no such genetic improvement has been developed in date palm, an important fruit crop in Oasis agriculture. The availability of the date palm full genome sequence opened up a new door for improvement of date palm through GE and genetic manipulation. High salinity, extreme drought regimes, and blazing heat are major abiotic stresses affecting date palm. Moreover, biotic stresses are also a major worry for date palm. Developing a high yielding, resistant and good fruit quality cultivar is imperative but demands a stringent, comprehensive and reliable methodology.
However, several factors should be taken into account to fully apply CRISPR to date palm breeding. This includes designing the sgRNA to prevent off-target mutations as well as the CRISPR-Cas9 cassette delivery method into date palm cells, both of which are highly significant for the program to be successful. Date palm also has some genetic characteristics that may affect the applicability of CRISPR-Cas9, such as its outcrossing nature. This phenomenon brings high allelic heterozygosity, polymorphism, and thus, genetic instability to date palm.
The future application of CRISPR-Cas9 in date palm will not only address the basic biological questions but will definitely reduce the concerns of common people due to its non-GM nature.
For more on this review, read the full article in Frontiers in Plant Science.
Sections
- International Food Biotechnology and Biosafety Workshop Releases Final Declaration
- Nigeria Stakeholders Embrace Bt Cotton as a Solution for Revamping the Textile Industry
- Researchers Identify Gene that Enables Wheat Resistance to Stem Rust
- Australian OGTR Releases Report on 2017 Study of Public Attitudes about GMOs, Gene Technology and its Regulation
- Senior High School Students and Teachers Take Part in Agri-biotech Boot Camp
- The Biotechnology and Bioeconomy Landscape in Malaysia
- QUT Grows World's First Panama Disease-Resistant Bananas
- Food Evolution Enlightens Filipino Students and Stakeholders on Global GMO Discussion
- EFSA Says Yes to Reauthorization for GM Sugar Beet in the EU
Events
Crop Biotech Update (November 15, 2017)
This mini publication presents GE animals that have been
developed to address various concerns such as disease spread, food
production, and environmental pollution. Download a free copy of Pocket K 55 from the ISAAA website.
Section: News from Around the World
A large, prospective cohort study conducted among agricultural workers, farmers
and their families in Iowa and North Carolina in the United States
reports that there are no associations between glyphosate use and
overall cancer risk or with total lymphohematopoietic cancers, including
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma. The long term study updated the previous evaluation of glyphosate with cancer incidence, and is part of the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a large and important project that tracks the health of agricultural workers and their families. Led by AHS principal investigator Laura Beane Freeman, the study results state that among 54,251 applicators studied, 44,932 (82.8%) used glyphosate. "Glyphosate was not statistically significantly associated with cancer at any site," the study said.
For more details, read the free paper titled "Glyphosate Use and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study" in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Section: News from Around the World
Scientists
from Wageningen University and Research have found natural genetic
variation for photosynthesis in plants and are unravelling it to the DNA
level. Led by Mark Aarts and Jeremy Harbinson, the research team has
shown that thale cress has various genes involved in adaptation to the
changes in the amount of light to which plants are exposed. A gene that has been studied in detail is the Yellow Seedling 1 gene, which is involved in the adaptation of chloroplasts to light changes. Due to a variation in this gene, some thale cress plants can handle an increase of light (the difference between a cloudy and a sunny day, for example) better than others. It is the first time that this variation has been found in thale cress, but as the genes for photosynthesis occur in nearly all plant species, the scientists expect that a similar variation can be found in many other crops too.
The discovery shows that it is possible to improve photosynthesis based on natural genetic variation, something which was doubted until now. In the long term, breeding on improved photosynthesis could make crops produce more yield with the same amount of soil, water, and nutrients. This brings the concept of ‘more' (yield) ‘with less' (soil, water and nutrients) one step closer.
For more details, read the news release from Wageningen University and Research.
Section: News from Around the World
Scientists
from Ohio State University and Italian National Agency for New
Technologies have developed a "golden" potato with improved levels of
vitamins A and E. The result of their study is published in PLOS ONE journal. Potato is one of the most widely consumed plant foods by humans, but it has low levels of essential nutrients such as beta carotene (provitamin A) and vitamin E. Thus, the researchers used genetic engineering to boost provitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls in potato, then studied the bioaccessibility of the nutrients in boiled wild type and golden (yellow-orange) tubers in a simulated digestive system.
Results showed that a serving of golden potato can provide as much as 42% of a child's recommended daily intake of vitamin A and 34% of a child's recommended intake of vitamin E. They also found that women of reproductive age could get 15% of their recommended vitamin A and 17% of recommended vitamin E from that same 5.3-ounce (150-gram) serving.
Read the research article in PLOS ONE.
Section: New Breeding Technologies
Rice grain with excessive cadmium (Cd) is a serious threat to health for people who consume rice
as a staple food. However, the development of elite rice cultivars with
consistently low Cd content is challenging for conventional breeding
approaches. Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center researchers reported the
development of new indica rice lines with low Cd accumulation and no
transgenes. The team knocked-out the metal transporter gene OsNramp5 using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.Analysis of the new indica lines showed that Cd concentrations in shoots and roots of the developed mutants were greatly decreased. Furthermore, Cd-contaminated paddy field trials also showed that Cd concentration in the grains of the CRISPR-developed lines was consistently less than 0.05 mg/kg. The plant yield was also not significantly affected in the developed mutants.
This study presents a practical approach to developing low cadmium indica rice cultivars that minimizes contamination risk in grains.
For more information, read the article in Scientific Reports.
Sections
- Large US Study Says No Link Between Glyphosate and Cancer
- US Consumers Confused with ‘Organic' and ‘Non-GM' Food Labels, Survey Shows
- Biotech-improved Golden Potatoes Contain Higher Levels of Vitamins A and E
- Scientists Develop Tomatoes with Enhanced Antioxidant Properties through Genetic Engineering
- Indian Prime Minister Discusses Agri Innovations with IRRI Rice Scientists
- Biotechnology for Farmers Welfare and Poverty Reduction
- Wheat Genome Assembly Now Complete
- Discovery Brings Scientists One Step Closer to Crops with Twice the Yields
Cassava News
Illinois biologists hope to reduce hunger by hacking photosynthesis: BTN LiveBIG
Big Ten Network Nov 20, 2017
Oyo farmers lament loss of 22 acres farmland to herdsmen
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NIGERIAN TRIBUNE (press release) (blog) 21h ago
Government
of India has not fixed any target for increasing acreage of hybrid rice
in the country unlike Philippines. However, efforts are being made to
promote cultivation of hybrid rice through various crop development
programmes such as National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Bringing Green
Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI) and Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
(RKVY).
From the initial level of 10,000 hectares in 1995, area under hybrid reached one million hectare in 2006, Exceeded 2.5 million hectares during 2014, which is about 5.6% of the total rice area in the country. It has picked up during the last Eleven years, mainly because of increasing popularity of hybrid rice in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya, Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and it is estimated that around 3+ Million Hectares is under Hybrid Rice cultivation in India in 2016 which is around 7% of the Total Rice cropped area in India.
With private sector playing a Major roll in Hybridisation of Rice, The Hybrid Rice seed market has touched a 45000 + MT Volume sale, as per An estimate.
Two MNC's and one Indian Majors in Hybrid Rice collectively occupy 50% of the market share.
The growth in 2016 can be attributed to significant increase under Kharif acreage of rice due to abundant rainfall,after a consecutive two years of drought and Growers shift from Inbred to Hybrid due to problems faced last year with OPV's.
In rice, the main kharif cereal crop, the increase in acreage is mainly on account of higher coverage in states such as uttar pradesh,Madhya Pradesh (6.37 lakh ha), West Bengal (5.38 l ha), Assam (4.11 l ha) and Bihar (3.90 l ha). On the other hand, Odisha (2.01 l ha) and Telangana (1.12 l ha) have registered a drop in acreage.
Earlier in 2012, It was estimated that by 2016 Hybrid Rice would cover an acreage of 5 Millian Hectares, How ever India lag behind much in terms of reaching to that level."The main problem is that consumers across have very different expectations of quality. Some like firm rice, some like sticky rice. The breed should be able to solve that problem each time they are producing a new variety," said Matthew Morell, director general of International Rice Research Institute.
This can be attributed to the fact that Still 80% of the industry depend on narrow genetic pool and lines developed way back in 1980. The solution to Massive Hybridisation in Rice would be from new elite germplasm that matches the quality requirements of Rice coupled with much higher Yield advantage and value added traits which is very impotent in the context of Indian Rice market.
Agrictultural experts are already tackling world hunger and climate change - and now, new strains of high quality, environmentally-friendly rice. And it shouldn't be too long before these new technologies being developed make the move from the lab to the farm.
By 2020 Demand outstrips supply and In order to maintain self sufficiency in India beyond 2020, It is crucial how fast Rice Hybridisation Happens in India
Data compiled in association with Dr Jagadeesh.
(While the data contained in this post has been compiled with all due care, The author does not warrant or represent that the data is free from errors or omission, or that it is exhaustive.)
From the initial level of 10,000 hectares in 1995, area under hybrid reached one million hectare in 2006, Exceeded 2.5 million hectares during 2014, which is about 5.6% of the total rice area in the country. It has picked up during the last Eleven years, mainly because of increasing popularity of hybrid rice in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya, Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and it is estimated that around 3+ Million Hectares is under Hybrid Rice cultivation in India in 2016 which is around 7% of the Total Rice cropped area in India.
With private sector playing a Major roll in Hybridisation of Rice, The Hybrid Rice seed market has touched a 45000 + MT Volume sale, as per An estimate.
Two MNC's and one Indian Majors in Hybrid Rice collectively occupy 50% of the market share.
The growth in 2016 can be attributed to significant increase under Kharif acreage of rice due to abundant rainfall,after a consecutive two years of drought and Growers shift from Inbred to Hybrid due to problems faced last year with OPV's.
In rice, the main kharif cereal crop, the increase in acreage is mainly on account of higher coverage in states such as uttar pradesh,Madhya Pradesh (6.37 lakh ha), West Bengal (5.38 l ha), Assam (4.11 l ha) and Bihar (3.90 l ha). On the other hand, Odisha (2.01 l ha) and Telangana (1.12 l ha) have registered a drop in acreage.
Earlier in 2012, It was estimated that by 2016 Hybrid Rice would cover an acreage of 5 Millian Hectares, How ever India lag behind much in terms of reaching to that level."The main problem is that consumers across have very different expectations of quality. Some like firm rice, some like sticky rice. The breed should be able to solve that problem each time they are producing a new variety," said Matthew Morell, director general of International Rice Research Institute.
This can be attributed to the fact that Still 80% of the industry depend on narrow genetic pool and lines developed way back in 1980. The solution to Massive Hybridisation in Rice would be from new elite germplasm that matches the quality requirements of Rice coupled with much higher Yield advantage and value added traits which is very impotent in the context of Indian Rice market.
Agrictultural experts are already tackling world hunger and climate change - and now, new strains of high quality, environmentally-friendly rice. And it shouldn't be too long before these new technologies being developed make the move from the lab to the farm.
By 2020 Demand outstrips supply and In order to maintain self sufficiency in India beyond 2020, It is crucial how fast Rice Hybridisation Happens in India
Data compiled in association with Dr Jagadeesh.
(While the data contained in this post has been compiled with all due care, The author does not warrant or represent that the data is free from errors or omission, or that it is exhaustive.)
Video yêu thích
Nong Lam University
KimYouTube
Trở về trang chính
Hoàng Kim Ngọc Phương Nam Thung dung Dạy và học Cây Lương thực Dạy và Học Tình yêu cuộc sống Kim on LinkedIn Kim on Facebook KimTwitter hoangkim vietnam
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