Food Crops News 201, FoodCrops.VN Hệ thống Cây Lương thực Việt Nam Cây Lương thực, Học mỗi ngày, Danh nhân Việt, Chào ngày mới Dạy và học
GM crops can fight poverty, food expert Montagu says
BANGALORE: Prof Marc Van Montagu, founder of the Institute of Plant Biotechnology Outreach (IPBO), Belgium, won the 2013 World Food Prize ...
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Nineteen EU states vote against GM maize proposal
The European Union has only ever legislated a handful of genetically-modified crops to be cultivated in Europe, though it imports GMOs for food and ...
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Group wants food makers to indicate if their products used genetically modified ingredients
Murphree said that smacking a label on food that it was made from genetically modified crops essentially sends the message that there's something ...
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Basalt Prepares To Plant Urban, Edible Food Forest
This sketch shows what crops are being considered in Basalt's food forest. ... A Town park will be transformed into a food forest or, an edible, urban ...
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The GM crop debate: 'It's like railway lines not meeting'
So far, India has restricted GM crops to non-food plants, especially cotton. The policy on food crops is best exemplified by an indefinite moratorium on ...
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Supreme Court hears landmark GM crop case
ELEANOR HALL: Australia's genetically modified food industry is closely ... to prevent his genetically-modified crops contaminating Mr Marsh's land.
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UCR School of Public Policy hosts seminar on genetically engineered foods
Under the CFRB, genetically modified crops are considered to pose the same risks as naturally occurring crops. Like unmodified natural foods, GE ...
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In your hands: Growers must focus on food quality
In the second of a new series, Crops in association with BASF, shows why the ... Caroline Stocks looks at how farmers meet the quality needs of food ...
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NGOs Lying on GM Crops, Says Scientist
World Food Prize laureate Marc Van Montagu criticised on Monday ... in the ongoing debate on the use of genetically-modified crops in agriculture.
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Call for review of clause on agricultural technology
Call for review of clause on agricultural technology ... declining food productivity in regions across the country, where traditional food crops have been ...
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NewsGlobal
[Top]
An international team of scientists from the University of
Warwick, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Syngenta Seeds
has described a mechanism that confers resistance in brassica plants to
Turnip mosaic virus. This discovery is hoped to lead to introduction of
durable resistance into food crops, including the most important
brassica crop worldwide Brassica rapa. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) can infect all kinds of plants, and cause significant damage and losses to crops. In their paper presented in The Plant Journal, the researchers have unravelled the mechanism behind a broad-spectrum, recessive and potentially durable resistance to the virus. The resistance, which arises from a gene called eIF4E, has been shown to be effective against different strains of TuMV from across the world. John Walsh, lead investigator from the University of Warwick, said "The nature and mechanism of the resistance suggests that unlike many forms of plant resistance to disease, this particular resistance has the potential to be durable." For more information about this research, read the news release available at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Africa
[Top]
The African Orphan Crops Consortium composed of University
of California-Davis, Mars, Inc., and other institutions, announced the
100 African crop species whose genomes
will be sequenced to get information on how to improve the nutrition of
African farm families. The list includes African eggplant, okra, onion,
papaya, coconut, taro, tamarind, and bittergourd. The complete list is
available at http://www.mars.com/global/Read the news release at http://news.ucdavis.edu/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
The research of International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) on beans,
known widely as the "meat of the poor," has led to massive uptake of
high yielding, disease resistant varieties through the Pan-Africa Bean
Research Alliance (PABRA). Improved beans, while strengthening food and
nutrition security, are also helping smallholder farmers boost their
incomes. In Ethiopia, for example, bean production more than tripled
between 2004 and 2012, and the income of farmers adopting new varieties
rose from US$120 per ton of beans to $650. For more information, visit http://ciatblogs.cgiar.org/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Americas
[Top]
An international collaboration of scientists have figured out how to make a longer cotton
fiber--a milestone that could have a multi-billion-dollar impact on the
global cotton industry. This will also help cotton farmers fend off
increasing competition from synthetic fibers. The scientists used a genetic cross between a long-fiber plant and a short-fiber plant, then zeroed in on a region of the genome that sat directly on top of one of the phytochrome genes. Phytochrome is a type of photoreceptor which is mainly responsive to different wavelengths of red light. The phytochromes regulate many plant traits, including the length of leaves and stems and flowering time.The scientists then used a technique called RNA interference to "knock down" or interfere with expression of that gene. See Texas A&M University's news release at http://www.science.tamu.edu/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
The genome
of the hot pepper, the world's most widely grown spice crop, has been
sequenced by a large international team of researchers, including
scientists at the University of California, Davis and Seoul National
University, Korea. The researchers sequenced a domesticated variety of hot pepper from the Mexican state of Morelos known as Criolo de Morelos 334. The variety has consistently exhibited high levels of disease resistance and has been extensively used in hot-pepper research and breeding. The sequencing project revealed that blocks of genes appear in much the same chromosomal position in the hot pepper as in tomato, its closest relative. The pepper genome, however, was found to be 3.5-fold larger than the tomato genome. Sequencing also uncovered evidence suggesting that the pungency, or "heat," of the hot pepper originated through the evolution of new genes by duplication of existing genes and changes in gene expression after the peppers evolved into species. Highlights of this sequencing effort are in the January 19 Advanced Online publication of Nature Genetics. For more information, read the news release at: http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
Scientists at Iowa State University have sequenced the genome of Fusarium virguliforme, a fungus that is the culprit for sudden death syndrome (SDS) in soybeans. Using
the draft genome sequence, scientists have identified candidate genes
responsible for SDS in soybeans. According to Madan Battacharyya, leader
of the research team, the draft sequence will lead them towards
discovering the mechanisms that the pathogen uses to cause SDS, and will
explore on using genetic engineering to develop soybeans with
resistance to SDS. The sequencing was funded by the Iowa Soybean Association and Soybean Research Development Council. Additional funding from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) will be used for the development of SDS resistant soybeans. Read more at http://www.plosone.org/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
Members of the New Hampshire (NH) Environment and
Agriculture Committee namely Rep. Tara Sad and Rep. Bob Haefner
explained why they voted against House Bill 660, which requires labeling of biotech foods.
According to them, no credible scientific study has shown that there is
any material difference between biotech and non-biotech food,
particularly in nutritional value and health safety.
Thus, when foods containing biotech products would be labelled, it will
mislead consumers by falsely implying differences where none actually
exist. Legal experts have also said that the bill is unconstitutional because requiring food companies to label their products with no health or safety reason fails the state interest test, undermines commercial free speech and violates interstate commerce. Furthermore, Sad and Haefner stressed that product labeling is a federal responsibility, and not a state responsibility. The Food and Drug Administration identifies which information needs to be available on food labels, not to satisfy consumer curiosity, but for health and safety reasons. The FDA and other trusted scientific organizations have all come out in support of biotech foods, stating that foods made with this process are as healthy and nutritious as their conventional counterparts. Read the original article at http://www.unionleader.com/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Asia and the Pacific
[Top]
Scientists from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have developed high yielding, climate resilient wheat
for the farmers in South Asia using innovative approaches to plant
genotyping. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach offers
significant benefits over traditional plant breeding. Plant selection through genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (GS) is a variant of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that enables crop breeders to rank best parents accurately and cost-effectively. The research project builds on the established heat tolerance and yield potential framework established by CIMMYT scientists. About 1,000 advanced wheat lines developed in Mexico by CIMMYT were planted at Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) locations as well as in Faisalabad, Pakistan, and six environments in Ciudad Obregón, Mexico, to characterize them for heat tolerance. For more information, visit http://blog.cimmyt.org/?p= [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
China, the world's second largest corn
consumer, has renewed safety certificates for imports of three biotech
varieties of the grain. Previously approved varieties are subject to
safety review and authorization renewal every three years. China imports
almost all its corn from the United States, the world's largest grower
of biotech corn. The biotech corn events approved for import in China are the following: MON810, MON863, NK603, MON88017, MON89034, MON87460, Bt176, Bt11, MIR604, GA21, Bt11xGA21, 3272, TC1507, 59122, and T25. Read more details at https://research.tdwaterhouse. [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
India's President, Sh. Pranab Mukherjee called for greater awareness about genetically modified (GM) crops
to address public concerns. He was speaking at a conference of vice
chancellors of agricultural universities, directors of ICARs and farmers
in Baramati, Maharashtra on 19 Jan 2014. The president called for an improved awareness and biotech education to allay public concerns on GM crops. The President referred to the benefits that India has got through cultivation of Bt cotton and the wide adoption of GM crops, and he said there was a need to pursue "these new technologies for the benefits they provide." "The development of transgenic crop varieties having the novel trait of insect resistance, herbicide tolerance and hybrid production has led to significant cultivation of GM crops. These crops currently occupy 170 million hectares in 28 developed and developing countries. In India, Bt cotton has boosted production and enhanced export earnings," Sh Mukherjee said. For a copy of the President's speech, visit http://www.icar.org.in/en/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
India's Union Minister of Agriculture Sharad Pawar lauded
the proactive initiatives taken by the Indian Council for Agricultural
Research (ICAR) scientists to help achieve a robust agriculture to
ensure food, nutritional, and livelihood security for a growing
population. While addressing 85th Annual General Meeting of the ICAR on
15 January 2014, he appreciated the growth and development of
agriculture during the decade. "The efforts of scientists in developing
high yielding, input efficient, disease tolerant varieties/hybrids along
with their widespread adoption by the farmers are visible in
increasing farm productivity, quality and quantity. In the last ten
years, our food grain production increased from 198 million tonnes in
2004-05 to 259 million tonnes by 2011-12, at an average of about 6
million tonnes per annum," the Minister said. Food grain production has continuously increased despite a virtual ceiling on cultivable area, Pawar added. He identified critical areas in agriculture that need urgent attention and expected a quick action by ICAR through enhancement in synergy and partnership with farmers and industries. The Minister informed that India's export of agricultural and allied products has increased from Rs. 1,78,800 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 2,01,000 crore in 2012-13, registering a growth of nearly 11%." For more information visit http://pib.nic.in/newsite/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Europe
[Top]
JIC scientists have discovered that changing temperatures
can have a big effect on resistance to yellow rust, one of the most
serious diseases of wheat.
Most laboratory studies on disease resistance are performed at constant
day temperatures under controlled conditions. Yet in the field,
temperatures are constantly changing, and this is rarely investigated. It was found out that there was no difference in resistance to yellow rust between wheat grown at 18oC or 25oC. However, if infected plants experienced an increase from 18oC to 25oC, resistance increased. Changing temperature in the other direction decreased resistance. Interestingly, another variety did not show the same effect, suggesting genetic diversity for the trait. With more extreme weather events predicted, the research could help in the development of more climate-resilient wheat varieties in the future. See John Innes Centre's news release at http://news.jic.ac.uk/2014/01/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
In accordance with European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA)
strategy for cooperation and networking with Member States, the EFSA
Scientific Network for Risk Assessment of GMOs (GMO Network) was
launched in 2010. The overall goals of the GMO Network are to: improve
dialogue among participants; build mutual understanding of risk
assessment principles; enhance knowledge on and confidence in the
scientific assessments carried out in the EU; and increase the
transparency of the process among Member States and EFSA. During its meeting in 2013, the GMO Network discussed the principles of statistical relevance and biological significance, the use of animal feeding trials in the risk assessment of GMOs, the development of environmental protection goals and the EFSA Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of GM animals. Following requests from EFSA, the GMO Network provided input to EFSA's scientific report "Considerations on the applicability of OECD TG 453 to whole food/feed testing" and to the project "Review of statistical methods and data requirements to support post market environmental monitoring of agroecosystems." See EFSA's news relase at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Research
[Top]
Xenorhabdus nematophila is a pathogenic bacterium
that secretes XnGroEL protein, which is harmful to its larval prey. Oral
ingestion of insecticidal XnGroEL protein is toxic to cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera),
leading to termination of growth and development of the larvae. Punam
Kumari from Jawaharlal Nehru University in India and colleagues
developed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the protein through Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation and tested the insecticidal efficacy of XngroEL against
cotton bollworm. Various analyses confirmed the integration and
expression of the gene coding for XnGroEL. The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited healthy growth. Bioassays showed significant reduction of 100 percent in the survival of larvae and 55–77 percent reduction in plant damage compared to the non-transgenic and vector control plants. Based on the results, XnGroEL is a novel potential candidate for imparting insect resistance against cotton bollworm in plants. For more information, visit http://link.springer.com/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
Scientists at China Agricultural University studied the possible effects of feeding phytase transgenic corn
to the organ weight, serum biochemical parameters, nutrient
digestability of laying hens. One hundred forty four (144) 50-week-old
laying hens were grouped randomly into two treatments, with 8 replicates
per treatment and 9 hens per replicate. For 16 weeks, one treatment
group of hens was fed with diets containing non-biotech corn, while the
other group was fed with diets containing phytase transgenic corn. Results showed that feeding phytase transgenic corn to laying hens had no adverse effect on organ weight or serum biochemical parameters. The corn-specific invertase gene (ivr) and the transgenic phyA2 gene were not detected in the breast muscle, leg muscle, and reproductive organs of the laying hens. Furthermore, it was also found that novel plant phytase can improve the phosphorous digestibility of laying hens. Read the research article at http://www.ajas.info/Editor/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Beyond Crop Biotech
[Top]
Professor Ottmar Distl and Susanne Kluth from the
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo) investigated the
genetic causes for congenital sensorineural deafness in 235 Dalmatians.
They screened more than 170,000 genetic variants distributed across the
entire genome for sensorineural deafness. "More than 90 percent of dogs
with two or more gene variants for sensorineural deafness are affected
by sensorineural deafness", the researchers said. They found genes which
affect the development of different structures in the inner ear. This
includes the tectorial membrane, which is located within the cochlea,
and the organ of Corti with its hair cells which convert acoustic
signals into nerve signals and transmit them to the auditory nerve.
Animals without skin pigment cells in their inner ears are also found to
be affected by sensorineural deafness. The genetic findings provide the researchers with the basis to decode the causes for congenital sensorineural deafness. Using the latest methods of genome analysis, they are now comparing the genome of dogs suffering from congenital sensorineural deafness with that of dogs with normal hearing ability. They plan to investigate congenital sensorineural deafness in as many dog and cat breeds as possible. For more details, visit http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/ [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
Scientists studying grasslands in the University of
Oklahoma have discovered that an increase of 2 degrees Celsius in the
air temperature above the soil causes significant changes to the
microbial ecosystem underground. Compared to a control group with no
warming, plants in the warmer plots grew more rapidly and more robust,
which put more carbon into the soil as the plants senesce. The microbial
ecosystem responded by altering its DNA to enhance the ability to
handle the excess carbon. The report published at Applied and Environmental Microbiology is based on a 10-year study that aimed to understand how soil ecosystem will respond to climate change. The research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, in collaboration with several universities. Read the news release at http://www.gtresearchnews. [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Announcements
[Top]
What: Plant Breeding for Drought Tolerance (Field Oriented Short Course) Where: Colorado State University When: June 2-13, 2014 This course on the genetics, breeding, and physiology of drought stress tolerance is targeted to graduate students in the plant sciences, as well as to professionals in the public and private sectors. It provides three transferable graduate-level credits. More information and registration details available at: http://www.droughtadaptation. [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ]
[Top]
What: 4th Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology When: March 10-11, 2014 Where: Dubai, UAE Objective: Provide a challenging forum and vibrant opportunity for researchers and industry practitioners to share their original research results and practical development experiences on specific new challenges and emerging issues. For more details, visit the conference website: http://www.advbiotech.org/. [ Send to a Friend | Rate this Article ] Document Reminders
[Top]
A 10- minute video based on the project research Adoption
and Uptake Pathways of GM/Biotech Crops by Small-scale, Resource-poor
Asian Farmers in China, India, and the Philippines consolidates the farmer narratives from the three countries on adoption and uptake pathways of biotech crops. The video, titled Cadres of Change: Transforming Biotech Farmers in China, India, and the Philippines
provides a ‘human face' to the collaborative research as documented by
actual farmers engaged in biotech crop farming. Through farmers'
testimonials, it also provided concrete evidence of the changes biotech
crops have brought to farmers' lives. View the video at http://www.isaaa.org/ |
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